A Russian acronym for a theory of innovative problem solving. A major shift in the attitudes, norms, sentiments, beliefs, values, operating principles and behavior of an organization. n: A military standard that describes the requirements for creating and maintaining a calibration system for measurement and test equipment. Sampling at random: Improvements made at an individual process or in a specific area. Quality Management System: CUC, a leader in the field of Utility System Construction, is committed to provide services in a manner that conforms to contractual and regulatory requirements, applicable National and International standards, good engineering practice and to providing our customers quality services that shall be delivered defect-free, on time and on budget. Right sizing is a process that challenges the complexity of equipment by examining how equipment fits into an overall vision for workflow through a factory. The supplier is considered an extension of the buyer’s organization. The National Safety and Quality Primary Healthcare (NSQPH) Standards are being developed by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (the Commission) through extensive consultation with healthcare providers, professional bodies, Primary Health Networks, consumers and other representatives of the sector. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process or production step. X-bar chart: While analysis of variance tests depend on the assumption that all populations under comparison are normally distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis test places no such restriction on the comparison. A term generally used to indicate process capability in terms of process spread measured by standard deviations in a normally distributed process. See “cause and effect diagram.”. Value analysis: Any individual, group or organization that will have a significant impact on or will be significantly impacted by the quality of a specific product or service. CASCO: Black Belt (BB): ANSI ACS X12: Gantt chart: Data collection and analysis tools: Seven new management and planning tools: A Japanese term for a manufacturing technique for preventing mistakes by designing the manufacturing process, equipment and tools so an operation literally cannot be performed incorrectly. A record containing the specific tests, evaluations and calibrations a laboratory has the ability and competency to perform, the list of equipment it uses, and a list of the methods and standards to which it adheres to each of these. Multivoting: Using this method avoids excessive batching of different types of product and volume fluctuations in the same product. A formal agreement providing reciprocal recognition of the validity of other organizations’ deliverables, typically found in voluntary standards and conformity assessment groups. A healthcare term for any event not consistent with the desired, normal or usual operation of the organization; also known as an adverse event. T-test: This includes voice of the customer, value stream mapping, process mapping, capability analysis, Pareto charts, root cause analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, control plans, statistical process control, 5S, mistake proofing and design of experiments. New! Internal setup: New! Two parameters are possible: go (conforms to specifications) and no-go (does not conform to specifications). Special characteristic: Registration: Cellular manufacturing: The metric against which a complete action is compared. An award presented by NASA to NASA aerospace industry contractors, subcontractors and suppliers that consistently maintain and improve the quality of their products and services. New! Also called statistical engineering. A step taking a specific product from raw materials to a finished product delivered to the customer. See “scatter diagram.”. Corporate governance: The interaction (behavior) of individuals within a team meeting. Seiban: An ASQ certification. It tests the null hypothesis that all populations have identical distribution functions against the alternative hypothesis that at least one of the samples differs only with respect to location (median), if at all. Takt time: Certified manager of quality/organizational excellence (CMQ/OE): Diagnosis: The five phases are: 1) stability (provides an environment with controlled process variables, decreased waste and increased business impact); 2) continuous flow (characterized by reduced work in process inventory, time loss and defects, and increased process flexibility and repeatable processes between workstations); 3) synchronous production (characterized by disciplined process repeatability and synchronization between operations and customer requirements); 4) pull system (creates an environment in which material replenishment links operations with customer demand); and 5) level production (reduces response time or changes in demand and upstream schedule variability). Five S's (5S): New! The continuing flow of the quality message down to, not through, the next level of supervision until it reaches all workers. Out-of-control process: A management tool that depicts the relationship among factors in a complex situation; also called “interrelationship diagram” or “relations diagram.”. It helps an organization economically manufacture its product and deliver its services. Upper control limit (UCL): Scatter diagram: Nonconformity: The value of percentage defective or of defects per hundred units in a lot. Capability: The application of statistical techniques to control a process; often used interchangeably with the term “statistical quality control” (see listing). But there is a prescribed maximum number of samples, after which a decision to accept or reject the lot must be reached. The number of times “why” is asked depends on when the true root cause is reached. Value added: By creating a matrix with four quadrants and plotting the potential solutions based on the effort required to implement (x-axis) and the impact (y-axis), the solutions falling into the upper left-hand quadrant will be the best action to take. Probability of rejection: A problem-solving approach to identify, correct and eliminate recurring problems. Japanese term that means mistake proofing. The variation in measurements obtained when one measurement device is used several times by the same person to measure the same characteristic on the same product. Also referred to as the quality rate, the percentage of units that completes a process and meets quality guidelines without being scrapped, rerun, retested, returned or diverted into an offline repair area. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis: Simply put, it is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. The maximum and minimum limit values a product can have and still meet customer requirements. There are two basic kinds of numerical data: measured or variable data, such as “16 ounces,” “4 miles” and “0.75 inches”; and counted or attribute data, such as “162 defects.”. A full-time team leader responsible for implementing process improvement projects—define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) or define, measure, analyze, design and verify (DMADV)—within a business to drive up customer satisfaction and productivity levels. A sequence of operations repeated regularly. The pace and flow of a product. Value stream manager: Next operation as customer: The process an organization uses to envision its future and develop the appropriate strategies, goals, objectives and action plans. A procedure performed after a failure mode effects analysis to classify each potential failure effect according to its severity and probability of occurrence. TPS is based on two pillars: just-in-time and jidohka (see listings). Committee of Experts on Management of Safety and Quality in Health Care (SP-SQS) Expert Group on Safe Medication Practices. It helps the operator find materials when needed. 2015;36 (9):403-11; quiz 412-3. doi:10.1542/pir.36-9-403. Equipment availability: Stages of team growth: Fundamental ideas and tools that define the quality of a product or service. Approved – Sanctioned, endorsed, accredited, certified, or accepted as satisfactory by a duly constituted and nationally recognized authority or agency. A process parameter that can affect safety or compliance with regulations, fit, function, performance or subsequent processing of product. In the third step (check), a study takes place between what was predicted and what was observed in the previous step. Also see "informative inspection.". Six Sigma tools: In quality management, a plan for conducting an experiment that includes considerations such as which conditions, factors, responses, tools and treatments are to be included or used. Blemish: A strategy for learning more about customers’ needs and behaviors to develop stronger relationships with them. Cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM): The number of units in a sample. The probability that a product or lot will be rejected. Hotelling's T2 model: Production (analysis) board: A top management meeting held at planned intervals to review the continuing suitability and effectiveness of one or more of an organization’s management system(s). (For a detailed discussion on the multiple definitions, see ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2, Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols—Statistical Quality Control.) Activity network diagram: Certified quality technician (CQT): House of quality: Operations: A technique to create economy of scale by having two operators work together to perform tasks on either side of a machine. Also known as muda. The time required to modify a system or workstation, usually including teardown time for the existing condition and setup time for the new condition. Analysis of variance (ANOVA): New! A data driven quality strategy for designing products and processes, it is an integral part of a Six Sigma quality initiative. C-chart: New! Next, the team selects criteria to rate the possible solutions, writing them across the top row. Someone who functions as a quality practitioner and a quality technician. Cost of quality (COQ): An optimal material requirement planning system for a manufacturing process in which there is little or no manufacturing material inventory on hand at the manufacturing site and little or no incoming inspection. Periodic submitted audits are then conducted to monitor progress. Process management: This … Audit: Function: Inspection lot: An international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to help organizations effectively assess and address those social responsibilities that are relevant and significant to their mission and vision; operations and processes; customers, employees, communities and other stakeholders; and environmental impact. A standard for measurement. A commonly used sampling technique in which sample units are selected so all combinations of n units under consideration have an equal chance of being selected as the sample. A table that graphically presents a large volume of data so the central tendency (such as the average or mean) and distribution are clearly displayed. International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC): World-class quality: Statistical process control (SPC): A feature of a product or service that a customer does not expect to receive but that gives pleasure to the customer when received. Eighty-twenty (80-20): Central tendency: There are two types of block diagrams: a functional block diagram, which shows a system’s subsystems and lower level products and their interrelationships and which interfaces with other systems; and a reliability block diagram, which is similar to the functional block diagram but is modified to emphasize those aspects influencing reliability. The box contains the data between the 25th and 75th percentiles. New! Cycle: Judgment inspection: W. Edwards Deming’s 14 management practices to help organizations increase their quality and productivity: 1) create constancy of purpose for improving products and services; 2) adopt the new philosophy; 3) cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality; 4) end the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, minimize total cost by working with a single supplier; 5) improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production and service; 6) institute training on the job; 7) adopt and institute leadership; 8) drive out fear; 9) break down barriers between staff areas; 10) eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce; 11) eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management; 12) remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating or merit system; 13) institute a rigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone; and 14) put everybody in the organization to work to accomplish the transformation. Demerit chart: Stop the line authority: The natural boundaries of a process within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL). Trend: BS 7799 Part 3 covers risk analysis and management. According to Joseph Juran, quality means “fitness for use”; according to Philip Crosby, it means “conformance to requirements.”. Rejection number: Prevention refers to activities for preventing nonconformances in products and services. Hazard – A chance, an accident, a chance of being injured or harmed, danger, a possible source of danger to life, to health, property, or environment. An individual from within or outside an organization who facilitates change in the organization; might be the initiator of the change effort, but not necessarily. Tree diagram: A control chart in which the subgroup standard deviation, s, is used to evaluate the stability of the variability within a process. The process through which a potential acquirer evaluates a target company or its assets for acquisition. The result of delivering a product or service that exceeds customer expectations. Hoshin kanri: External setup: Dependability: The beginning point, based on an evaluation of output over a period of time, used to determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis against which change is measured. Also see “common causes.”. Using MRP to schedule production at various processes will result in push production because any predetermined schedule is an estimate only of what the next process will actually need. Customer: A branch of applied statistics dealing with planning, conducting, analyzing and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate the factors that control the value of a parameter or group of parameters. A statistical procedure for troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with factors at fixed levels. The full cycle corrective action tool that offers ease and simplicity for employee involvement in the corrective action/process improvement cycle. Examples are brainstorming, the Delphi method, role-playing, TRIZ and visioning. Also called constraints management. An American National Standards Institute board responsible for the approval and withdrawal of American National Standards. Conformance: An ASQ certification. Mean time between failures (MTBF): Efficient: Cascading: Lean: Q9000 series: The progressive achievement of tasks along the value stream so a product proceeds from design to launch, order to delivery and raw to finished materials in the hands of the customer with no stoppages, scrap or backflows. It involves averaging the volume and sequence of different model types on a mixed model production line. To take a leadership role in influencing a culture of quality and safety. A lean manufacturing tool that enables operators to observe a production process with an understanding of how assembly tasks are to be performed. The check sheet is one of the “seven tools of quality” (see listing). Histogram: Recall: Any necessary improvements can then be made by directing attention to the stopped equipment and the worker who stopped the operation. Audits are based on a sample and are independent of the system, process or product being audited, unlike verification activities, which are part of a process. First pass yield (FPY): Employee – Every laborer or mechanic, regardless of the contractual relationship which may be alleged to exist between the laborer and mechanic and the contractor or subcontractor who engaged him. A lean manufacturing technique to provide visual control (for example, to indicate a nonconforming material area or to determine stock levels). After completing the article, the reader should be able to: 1. See “mistake proofing.”. Preventive action: One of the “seven tools of quality” (see listing). Transaction standards for electronic communication and shipping notification. A separate acceptance sampling plan is generally applied to each class of defects. BS 7799 Part 2 focuses on information security management systems. Sigma: In a continuing series of lots, a quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process average. The average time interval between failures for a repairable machine, piece of equipment or product for a defined unit of measure; for example, operating hours, cycles and miles. The problem-solving tools used to support Six Sigma and other process improvement efforts. The act of determining whether products and services conform to specific requirements. 2) A measure of the appropriateness of the goals chosen and the degree to which they are achieved. Self-directed work team (SDWT): Key process characteristic: (v) a commitment to quality improvement; and (vi) the effective and efficient use of resources; (c) identifying areas for advocacy for public policy based on strategies set by the AHS Chief Medical Officer; (d) monitoring and evaluating quality of care, access to services, population health outcomes, and health system satisfaction; The analysis of a manufacturing system at all stages to maximize the quality of the process itself and the products it produces. Dangerous goods – Also referred to as hazardous materials. In other words, the variations among the observed sampling results cannot be attributed to a constant system of chance causes. In attributes sampling, the presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units inspected. The graphical representation of a variable’s tendency, over time, to increase, decrease or remain unchanged. 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