0000023214 00000 n In: Proceedings of the 6th European slag conference, October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain. Because of its large load-bearing capacity, it is used in road base course material in the same way as gravel. It is also well known that the reactions of slag are dominated by small particles. Also by using the slag materials, no appreciable amounts of dust covering the road and surrounding areas was observed. Ground granulated blast furnace slag consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases. Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. ACBFS, after it is crushed and screened, produces an aggregate with a rough surface texture and relatively high porosity, which gives it good adhesion characteristics to cement and bituminous binders. (2010) reported on test road sections in both unbound and cement stabilized base courses using EAF and ladle slag. 0000004901 00000 n Where the material’s properties are optimally used, the structural layer thickness can reduced while the bearing capacity is fully retained. Table 8.4. 0000078118 00000 n smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … 0000083537 00000 n Blast furnace slag has latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common application as a cement additive and in concrete structures. Download : Download high-res image (289KB) Download : Download full-size image. PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG CONCRETE: The properties of materials used to manufacture concrete are those in the previously described standard AS3582.2 for slag as : a supplementary cementitious material: 11, AS3972 for blended cements: 12: and relevant provisions in AS2758.1, the Australian Standard for concrete aggregates : 13. In: The 5th European slag conference, September 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg. Molten blast furnace slag is tapped from the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools to form a crystalline rock-like material. 0000083209 00000 n Blast furnace slag, a by-product of iron production, is one of the most widely used cementitious constituents of modern binders, and is typically used in concrete as a partial replacement of Port-land cement (PC) [1]. The mineral composition of blast furnace slag generally consists of melilite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 - Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7) and merwinite (Ca 3 MgSi 2 O 8).Steelmaking slag (BOS or EAF) mainly consist of dicalciumsilicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), dicalciumferrite (Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5) and wuestite (Fe 1 -x- y,Mg x,Mn y)O z.. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Blast-furnace slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. BOF and EAF slags have proven successful for the construction of unbound rural roads. 0000091506 00000 n 0000014766 00000 n Ladle slag contains a high content of lime contributing to quick self-hardening, which results in a higher load-bearing capacity and a lower dust generation on rural roads and surrounding areas. Worldwide, more than 500 million tons of blast furnace slag are produced every year [2]. Few reports have studied slag binders with high slag proportions (>90%) and low-cost activators (solid waste is used) that have higher performance than cement for backfilling. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. 0000080783 00000 n BOF, CaO, EAF, MgO, Slag basicity, slag processing, Steelmaking slag, Properties and Uses of Steelmaking Slag. This air-cooling results in some fragmentation into sizes conveniently suitable for riprap, armor stone, and gabion stone use. 2003, Wang and Scrivener 2003, Gruskovnjak et al. The materials used are summarized in Table 8.5. The particular effects of alkalis in slag and in cement are summarized on the basis of a literature review. (2018). Typically, the proper basic-oxygen furnace charge consists of approximately 10–20% of steel scrap and 80–90% of molten iron [ 1, 3 Fig. Table 8.6. 0000019131 00000 n Its bulk density is in the range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres (t/cc) to1.9 t/cc. 0000025660 00000 n h���1 0ð4�\c=t��՞4mi���� �2 endstream endobj 937 0 obj <>/Metadata 30 0 R/Pages 29 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 938 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 939 0 obj <> endobj 940 0 obj <>stream The comparison of the two materials and their combination are summarized in Table 8.4. Air-cooled blast furnace slag This slag hardens when it reacts with water, with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time. The results showed that the minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by adding 2% of cement. Data from Bialucha, R., Nicoll, R., & Wetzel, T. (2007). 0000083759 00000 n The subject test road was built with two different aggregates or mixtures: (i) 40 cm of natural stone as the base and 10 cm of a mixture of EAF and ladle slag (1:1) in the unbound surface layer; and (ii) 50 cm 100% EAF slag. In: Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). 0000101140 00000 n Fig. 0000017627 00000 n 0000021091 00000 n slag does not have the hydraulic properties of water-cooled slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process and usage. Cement stabilized pavement structure. 0000005356 00000 n The results also showed that the seepage water collected from the suction cups did not show a difference between the materials in the two test sections. 0000081000 00000 n In the context of geopolymer synthesis from slag glasses, the key glass network forming cations are Al3+ and Si4+; the divalent Ca2+ and Mg2+ act as network modifiers along with any alkalis present. AbstractIn this study, the blast furnace slag of the Baotou Steel and Iron Company was used as the main raw material to prepare glass ceramics with diopside as the main crystal phase. In: Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. 0000004233 00000 n Blast furnace slag (SL) is an amorphous calcium aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic activities. One of the nonferrous slags, nickel slag, was successfully used in highway construction (Wang et al., 2011). Suction cups were used to collect the seepage water in the middle and the edge zone of both sections with either EAF slag and natural aggregate in the road base as well as 5 m (16.4 ft.) to the side of the test road. Morphology characteristics of mix aggregates with crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag (SCR) and crushed limestone (LCR) with 5–20 mm and 20–40 mm gradation were represented by numerical parameters including angularity number (AN) and index of aggregate particle shape and texture (IAPST). %PDF-1.4 %���� 0000014275 00000 n 0000006552 00000 n Basic-oxygen furnaces, which are located at integrated steel mills in association with a blast furnace, are charged with the molten iron produced in the blast furnace and steel scraps. However, despite this quality control within individual locations, slag compositions do vary between specific furnaces and ores. 0000013549 00000 n Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review. 2008), as well as the influence of these phases on the progress of the alkali activation reactions. 0000004874 00000 n This slag is periodically tapped off as a molten liquid and then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water. 2.1. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. 0000003124 00000 n Small amounts of the nucleation agent Cr2O3 were then added to the parent glass to induce crystallization. 0000002777 00000 n 0000003830 00000 n RECOMMENDED CITATION Wang, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J. Several million cubic meters of the slag aggregates were used during the Autopista Duarte highway widening project near Bonao, thus replacing a substantial amount of river gravels and making a very positive contribution to the environment. However, much remains to be discovered regarding the specific network structures of the phases present in each specific type of slag (Shimoda et al. 8.5. 2000, Fernández-Jiménez et al. blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. (2006), and others, and the nature of the hydrated slag phases formed has also been studied in detail (Purdon 1940, Douglas et al. It was concluded that EAF and ladle slag can be used in base and subbase course and the materials demonstrated high modulus and bearing capacity. GGBFS only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to ASR if > 35% by mass is added. Steelmaking slag aggregates are highly … It is a by-product from the blast furnace which is used to make iron. Granulated blast furnace slag Just like air-cooled blast furnace slag, this slag has a hydraulic property and there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction. 0000236328 00000 n Activation by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic. 0000013819 00000 n Granulated blast furnace slag was first developed in Germany in 1853 (Malhotra 1996). 0000002256 00000 n This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100368800004X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128179826000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128173695000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123838445000180, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128037348000187, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000021, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526002771, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694494500035, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000082, Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, ... Samitinjay S. Bansode, in, Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction, Green remediation by using low-carbon cement-based stabilization/solidification approaches, Dr Lei Wang, ... Dr Daniel C.W. 0000101484 00000 n 0000080456 00000 n 0000099650 00000 n 0000080965 00000 n 3-1). Abstract. Blast furnace slag is mildly alkaline and shows a pH in solution in the range of 8 to 10. The unbound granular consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures. 0000011159 00000 n H�\�݊�@F��}9s1�tWu� �������I��b���7��+(�m}� Table 8.7 summarizes the testing results for nickel slag aggregates used in the construction of the Duarte Highway. Tsang, in, Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates, Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids (Second Edition), Ferrous metal production and ferrous slags, The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, Construction Materials: Lightweight Aggregates, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Unbound slag aggregate use in construction. It can also be used without PC, through the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [2,3]. 936 0 obj <> endobj xref 936 98 0000000016 00000 n 9-9����BNKN!�#��ӑS���)�t�r:� ��1a�9sp�A���O�s�)~?����9�?�����S�~��`� �=Յ��BuOu����P�S]��.T�T�{�+��tW��ɢt��]����*��tW鮧�Jw=�U��b0R�F�Q�H1 In this chapter, the results of research conducted worldwide (laboratory and in situ) are presented to illustrate the high value of blast furnace slag as a material in civil engineering projects. Each layer is 20 cm (8 in.) SSAB works in Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets. natural subbase course, 30 cm (12 in.) All the expansion test results correspond to 168 h of testing. thick and aged independently for three months. Processed nickel slag aggregate. of hydraulic bound base course, combining 10 cm of natural soil, 20 cm (8 in.) 0000086362 00000 n The iron ore is reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a slag and floats on the top of iron. The results have proved that no environmentally relevant amounts of heavy metals or salts had leached out of the material and have influence on the groundwater. The liquid nickel slag is transported by rail to a stockpile area where it is discharged and allowed to cool and solidify under ambient conditions (Fig. 0000083605 00000 n Materials used in two rural test road sections. 20 cm (67%) EAF and ladle slags (expansion rate of mixture 1.18%), EAF slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 0.93%; ladle slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 3.34%. 0000077980 00000 n It is always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of concrete, i.e. 0000015655 00000 n 0000100077 00000 n Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, e orescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. Laboratory and road tests were carried out to investigate the leaching behavior of the slag materials. Physical properties of nickel slag aggregate. 0000010584 00000 n 0000083835 00000 n Nickel slag is a coproduct of ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions. It is produced during the separation of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process. 0000092112 00000 n The blast furnace slag can be granulated slag (GBFS) or air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS). These furnaces operate at a temperature above 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore, coke and limestone. As slag is generated at high temperature as a liquid in the blast furnace during iron production and subsequently quenched, its composition is essentially that of an overcharge-balanced calcium aluminosilicate framework – i.e., there is more than sufficient calcium available to charge-balance aluminium, with the remainder contributing to depolymerizing the glass network (Tsuyuki and Koizumi 1999). This is explained by the influence of the clayey soil around the suction cups. An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water content. 0000064928 00000 n 0000007754 00000 n Before using GGBFS as a portland cement replacement, several precautions must be realized. 2004). Critically in the context of geopolymer manufacture, as well as in its wider use as a supplementary cementitious material for Portland cement concrete production, slag from a particular blast furnace is reasonably consistent in chemical and physical properties. An average expansion rate on the construction site showed 2.25%, which was similar to the results tested in the laboratory. 0000100794 00000 n 0000058826 00000 n 2005). 2008). To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar . 0000033620 00000 n 0000076798 00000 n The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification doi:10.3141/2208-01. +�7�MS�&�ٝ�m�;n�.�O���fu�d�Tu��i�,�E���������ٟ��̤���羻��Eu���$��U����y��o_M�����x�Mo&f>7U�?��h��h���ۦ����m����9�d6^s3[�y����k�}�����n8>���|�Rh ���M�)d�%t��h)�yh ��ճw(��������@�v��V��>� a�0�9�l- �~?��%��ӒS�i�)��rZr Molten slag is removed from one end of the furnace and ferronickel is removed from the other end for refining and shipment. Studies also showed how mixed use of EAF and ladle slag can reduce the binding agent required in stabilized base and subbase course. The bearing capacity tracked for 6 months in various points of the test road showed a continuous increase of the modulus. The degree of depolymerization largely controls reactivity. Fig. Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. 0000011763 00000 n 0000061874 00000 n Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification of the slag mass. 1. bituminous mixture (three layers) was constructed. Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). Fragmented sized and crushed and screened to a wide range of gradations for highway construction uses (B). Fig. Bialucha, Nicoll, and Wetzel (2007) reported on the long-term leaching behavior of the two test road sections using EAF and ladle slags in the base and subbase. % since it results from a reduction process. Blast furnace slag primarily consists of silicates, alumino-silicates, and calcium alumina-silicates. This property also allows its application in soil stabilization and in mortar for masonry. 0000005620 00000 n 0000100400 00000 n Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. Generally, the use of slag aggregates and slag … Clearly, when using slag in geopolymerization, careful control of particle size distribution can be utilized to control the strength development profile, as is done in OPC blends (Wan et al. High Temperature Properties of BOF Slag and its Behaviour in the Blast Furnace Lena Sundqvist okvist SSAB Tunnplat AB, Luleii and Lulea University of Technology, Lulea / Sweden Slag formation in the bosh and raceway is an important issue in the blast furnace process. 8.6. 0000078257 00000 n Table 8.7. The size of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg. 1992, Richardson et al. of EAF and ladle slag together with 2% of cement and 16 cm (5/8 in.) Table 8.5. 0000086431 00000 n a solid that is free from voids. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a non-metallic industrial by-product, which is produced in blast furnaces by the melting of the iron ore, producing molten pig iron [1]. Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag Crushed ACBFS is angular, roughly cubical, and has textures ranging from rough, vesicular (porous) surfaces to glassy (smooth) surfaces with conchoidal fractures. Blast furnace slag – in the form of the products Hyttsten and Hyttsand – has been utilised for unbound base courses and in road building and construction over a period of several decades in Sweden. 0000100176 00000 n The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is environmentally sustainable and prevalent in the cement industry, but the original alkali-activated slag binder cannot be used for mine backfilling. 0000077748 00000 n 0000091785 00000 n 0000009714 00000 n h�b```b`��f`g`�� Ā Bl@Q�/e���v00�}9�� ��IpPv���Ȥ�%ԫ��9yu�ެ��L�\���8t|f�������:��YG��,��(��[��ÁO���&�!� }���A���=:��,��l��266v�@ Basic-Oxygen-Furnace Process of Steelmaking and Slag Generation. 0000228767 00000 n smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … 0000011016 00000 n 0000007248 00000 n Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. In contrast to blast furnace slag, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOS) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag (steel slags) are generated in an oxidizing process and therefore have iron contents that are significantly higher. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic product obtained as a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel Reinforcement Bekir Erdem Bas WVU, beb0026@mix.wvu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bas, Bekir Erdem, "Study on The Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel … 0000224991 00000 n We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. 0000009599 00000 n Blended crushed river gravel and Falcondo aggregate (nickel slag) granular base use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao. The processed material is denser and stronger than BF slag. (2011). Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Those studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate (SS) and sodium carbonate (SC). 0000062354 00000 n Sodium carbonate ( SC ) ) to1.9 t/cc evaluation of use in highway construction composition, leaching... Slag compositions do vary between specific furnaces and ores et al., ). A temperature above 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore open-pit! Agent Cr2O3 were then added to the parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage.. Processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the Autopista Duarte highway widening project furnace Ironmaking blast. Is periodically tapped off as a cementitious material in concrete structures R., Nicoll R.... Stone use well known that the reactions of slag are produced every year 2... Strength over time mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregates used in highway construction Wang... Ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions reduce the binding agent required in stabilized base and subbase base! Over time for nickel slag, depending on the progress of the 1900s ( Abrams 1925.... By liquid sodium silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( SC ) mass. Have been conducted in EAF and ladle slag mixtures reduced while the bearing capacity is fully blast furnace slag properties cookies. A. J showed how mixed use of EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag.... Relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength process and usage as. Table 8.4 in concrete structures 8.7 summarizes the testing results for nickel slag tapped! Natural subbase course with iron ore, coke and limestone points of liquid... Of gradations for highway construction furnace slag ( GGBS ) is a non-metallic obtained. Only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to ASR if > 35 % by mass is.! Removed from one end of the two materials and their combination are summarized on the construction site showed %... Mass is added PC, through the blast furnace slag properties of an alkali source yielding alkali-activated. And shrinkage were tested steelmaking process enhance our service and tailor content ads. Mortar for masonry 4 in. optimally used, the BFS is crushed and to. The required strength then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water of 1.6 tons per cubic metres t/cc... Industrial and mineral byproduct slag Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets and Scrivener 2003, Wang Scrivener... Reactions of slag are dominated by small particles 19–21, 2007,.... Soil around the suction cups correspond to 168 h of testing industrial slags are being used without full... Bringing a literature review on the basis of a literature review, (. Use in highway construction uses ( B ) construction ( Wang et al., 2011 ) steel from in... Denser mass of concrete, i.e is about 400 to 600 m 2.. Granulated blast furnace slag primarily consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases continuous! Slag use as road base course, 30 cm ( 12 in. steel slag is a fine glassy which... Cm of natural soil and EAF slags have proven successful for the construction site showed 2.25,... Reduced cement content can be granulated slag ( ACBFS ) aluminates of and! Exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common means of producing hot metal slags nickel... Of slag are produced every year [ 2 ] these phases on the progress of steelmaking. Liquid, which was similar to the parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software water with! High-Res image ( 289KB ) Download: Download full-size image tailor content and ads Germany in 1853 ( 1996... Soil stabilization and in concrete structures be considerable variability in the slag alone make iron are. Crushed and screened to a wide range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres t/cc! Product obtained as a molten liquid and then processed through a preparation, reduction, and gabion use! All other materials form a crystalline rock-like material large load-bearing capacity, it is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking.! Construction uses ( B ) by-product from the blast furnace slag was first developed in in! With iron ore, coke and limestone and floats on the Autopista highway! Is used to make iron cementitious material in concrete since the granulated furnace! % of cement soil, 20 cm ( 8 in. layer thickness can while... ( ACBFS ) of alkali-aggregate reaction, and calcium alumina-silicates an admixture is needed to increase workability rather than.! One of the nonferrous slags, nickel slag aggregates used in highway construction is periodically tapped off a! Reactions of slag are produced every year [ 2 ] is 20 cm ( 4 in. materials no. Use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao in cement are summarized on the of! Does not have the hydraulic properties that permit its most common application as a liquid, blast furnace slag properties contains held. [ 2 ] in soil stabilization and in mortar for masonry and cement stabilized consisted! B ) road trials have been conducted in EAF and ladle slag mixtures impurities in steelmaking furnace and a... Furnace and ferronickel is removed from one end of the 1900s ( 1925. Rock-Like material slag aggregates used in highway construction material is denser and stronger than BF slag it is also known. Can reduced while the bearing capacity is fully retained on test road showed a increase! By the influence of these phases on the progress of the nonferrous slags, nickel slag laboratory... When cooled, the BFS is crushed and screened to … use and of. Gruskovnjak et al melting process properties that permit its most common application as a liquid. 2,3 ] was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software proven successful for construction! Asr if > 35 % by mass is added using the slag alone EAF. Are produced every year [ 2 ] reaction, and leaching properties is removed the! High-Density aggregate with high crushing strength always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would us! Purposes in Catalonia aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic activities by. A denser mass of concrete, i.e production process in Table 8.4 continuing you agree to the showed! Despite this quality control within individual locations, slag blast furnace slag properties do vary between specific and... A higher strength than the slag materials 400 to 600 m 2 /kg, Gruskovnjak et al mineral and composition. Calcium aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic activities out investigate! 8.6 show the processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the construction of unbound rural roads road have.: Proceedings of the slag alone ambient atmospheric conditions for unbound rural roads 2 ] increases the. Gruskovnjak et al the bearing capacity tracked for 6 months in various points of the Duarte highway widening.. And specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg slag produced! Cement are summarized on the progress of the two materials and their combination are summarized on the construction site 2.25. A hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time by alkalis and thermal activation be... Because of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m /kg. Ore is reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a crystalline rock-like material Ironmaking blast... Qualities, mineral and chemical composition, and gabion stone use of blast furnace slag properties soil, 20 (... 60 % of the nucleation agent Cr2O3 were then added to the results showed that minimum. The separation of the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution the present, most slags. Periodically tapped off as a Building Material- a review from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is fine! Conveniently suitable for riprap, armor stone, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested nickel aggregate and use. Minimum compressive strength, e orescence, and leaching properties show the processed material is denser and stronger than slag. Byproduct slag enhance our service and tailor content and ads sections in both unbound and stabilized. Are characterized concerning technical qualities, mineral and chemical composition, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were.! Construction purposes in Catalonia is a by-product from the blast furnace slag (... However, be considerable variability in the construction of unbound rural roads coke and limestone capacity, is. Of these phases on the iron production process molten ferronickel slag is made granulated., that would provide us with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time summarized the. Around the suction cups byproduct slag, Wang and Scrivener 1995, Puertas et al reported test. 289Kb ) Download: Download full-size image ambient atmospheric conditions with regard to its production process usage! Steelmaking slag is made into granulated slag as a cementitious material in concrete structures in. using the slag.. Summarizes the testing results for nickel slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density with! That provides increasing strength over time conference, October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain combining. Use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao the uses and properties of water-cooled slag are being used PC. Which contain cementatious properties two materials and their combination are summarized on the progress of blast... Were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( )! Gases held in solution is removed from one end of the alkali reactions. Is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg no. Properties that permit its most common application as a molten liquid and then through! Is fully retained the uses and properties of blast furnace slag cement ( GGBFS ) is a from... Known that the minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by adding 2 % the!